Symptoms, Diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetes

Overall, 29.美国有300万成年人被诊断出患有2型糖尿病，还有900多万人不知道自己患有这种疾病. 虽然1型糖尿病的症状并不总是很明显，而且发病通常是渐进的, once symptoms become severe, hospitalization is required.

这两个事实都说明了一个更大的事实:如果不及时治疗，糖尿病会导致许多疾病 health problems. 这就是为什么了解警告信号并定期去看卫生保健专业人员进行常规健康检查是至关重要的.

Symptoms

Prediabetes has no symptoms.

患有1型或2型糖尿病的人也可能没有症状，或者症状很轻微，很长一段沙巴足球体育平台都没有被注意到.

但由于有些人会出现糖尿病的警告信号，了解以下症状很重要:

• Excessive thirst
• Weight loss 
• Urinate several times a day, often at night
• Increased appetite
• Blurry vision
• Tiredness
• Numbness or tingling of hands or feet
• Slow wound healing
• Frequent infections
• Dry skin

当血糖过高时，可能会出现以下症状:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Fruity odor on the breath
• Confusion
• Disorientation
• Drowsiness
  
• Coma
• Seizures

If you have any of these symptoms, 马上去找专业的医生做检查和正确的诊断.

Who should be tested for prediabetes and diabetes?

You should be tested for diabetes if you:

• Are over age 45
• Are overweight or obese
• Are a Black American, Asian American, Latino/Hispanic American, Native American or of Pacific Islander
• 有妊娠期糖尿病史(妊娠期糖尿病)或分娩的婴儿体重超过9磅
• Have a family history of diabetes
• Have a sedentary lifestyle
• Have any of the following conditions:
  
  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol
  • Fatty liver disease
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • HIV
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome

如果你的血糖水平正常，你应该每三年检查一次. If you have prediabetes, 在诊断出糖尿病后，你应该每一到两年检查一次糖尿病.

Tests for diagnosing prediabetes and diabetes

三种测试可以帮助医疗保健专业人员诊断糖尿病前期和糖尿病:

HbA1C (A1C or glycosylated hemoglobin test)

The A1C test can diagnose prediabetes and diabetes. 它测量你过去两到三个月的平均血糖控制. 血糖是通过血液中糖化血红蛋白(A1C)的含量来测量的. 这个测试更方便，因为不需要禁食.

An A1C of 5.7% to 6.4%意味着你有前驱糖尿病，你患糖尿病的风险很高. Diabetes is diagnosed when the A1C is 6.5% or higher.

Fasting Plasma Glucose Test (FPG)

血糖测试测量血液中葡萄糖(糖)的含量. 空腹血糖测试要求在测试前8小时不吃任何东西，除了水. You will have your blood drawn for this test. 血糖的测量单位是毫克/分升(mg/dL)。. 

这个图表包含了糖尿病前期和糖尿病的FPG测试的血糖范围, and describes what each diagnosis means:

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

这个测试测量身体处理标准量葡萄糖的能力.

为了做这个测试，你将在至少8小时内不吃不喝，除了水. 你的医疗保健专业人员会抽血，然后你会喝一杯含葡萄糖的饮料. Blood is drawn again 30 and 60 minutes later. The test may take three hours. Then, 你的医疗保健专业人员会比较你前后血浆中的葡萄糖水平，看看你的身体如何处理糖. These levels are measured in mg/dL.

下表为两小时口服葡萄糖耐量试验范围, which is used to diagnose diabetes. 

Tests for Monitoring Diabetes

If you’re diagnosed with diabetes, 你可以用几种方法来监测你的血糖水平，看看你的治疗计划是否有效:

HbA1C

你的医疗团队每年至少会给你做两次糖化血红蛋白测试. 

Home monitoring

易于使用的家用监测仪可以让人们自己测试血糖. A variety of these devices are available.

如果你在家庭监护仪的帮助下控制糖尿病, 与你的医疗保健专业人员谈谈，了解当你的结果过高或过低时该怎么做.

Tests to measure heart health

糖尿病患者患一系列健康并发症的风险增加, including cardiovascular disease.

Learn more about tests that may be used to check your heart health.